Single-household ecological infiltration equipment

I. R&D background

At present, the sewage environment in rural areas 

of my country is very unbalanced. The disorderly 

discharge of rural domestic sewage, untreated and

unused feces and various sewage have seriously 

polluted the soil, surface water, and groundwater, 

becoming an important source of pollution in the rural

environment. This situation has caused the rural river

water to become black and smelly, fish and shrimps to 

disappear, and mosquitoes and flies to breed. 

The spread of diseases caused by bacteria and eggs 

in sewage has greatly threatened the health of the people.

Rural domestic sewage treatment is imminent, especially

in mountainous areas with varied terrain. It is difficult

to collect and treat sewage uniformly. Under the combined

force of various factors, it has independently developed 

a small-scale sewage ecological infiltration equipment suitable

for single households, which can effectively adapt to the

decentralized agricultural pollution treatment model in 

rural areas and has made outstanding contributions to the 

treatment of rural sewage.

2. Equipment technical parameters

2.1. Treatment scale

This equipment is suitable for the treatment of domestic

sewage in a single household in rural areas. The raw 

water is ordinary rural domestic drainage (excluding septic 

tank drainage). The design treatment capacity is 150L/d,

and the number of users is 3-5 people, that is, 1 household.

2.2. Influent water quality

The average water quality of rural domestic sewage

(grey water) is shown in the table below

Table 1 Main indicators of influent water quality of 

household ecological infiltration equipment

Item

CODCr/(mg/l)

SS/(mg/l)

NH3-N/(mg/l)

PH

Water quality

≤250

≤220

≤25

6~9

2.3. Effluent water quality

The designed effluent water quality meets the "Agricultural

Irrigation Water Quality Standard" (GB5084-2021) dryland 

crop irrigation water quality standard.

Table 2 Main indicators of effluent quality of household

ecological infiltration equipment

Item

CODCr/(mg/l)

SS/(mg/l)

NH3-N/(mg/l)

PH

Water quality

≤200

≤100

/

5.5-8.5

III. Equipment composition description

This equipment mainly consists of three parts. The first is 

the equipment shell. The shell adopts a barrel structure of

PE material. It can be installed on the ground or buried

underground. It has the characteristics of pressure resistance, 

corrosion resistance, and long service life. The second is 

the internal pipeline. The internal water distribution pipeline

adopts UPVC material pipe, which also has the characteristics 

of corrosion resistance and easy installation. The third is the

internal filler. The internal filler is divided into three 

layers. Each layer has multifunctional treatment capabilities

and is supplemented by microbial strains, which can treat

sewage more efficiently.

IV. Process description

After the sewage generated by farmers flows into the single-household

ecological infiltration equipment by gravity, it first screens

out larger impurities through the filter net, and then evenly

distributes it to the entire diffused water layer through the

diffused water pipe network. When the sewage passes through

the diffused water layer, the microorganisms in the filler can

decompose and remove the pollutants in the sewage. When the sewage

migrates and infiltrates in each layer of the multifunctional filter

material, the pollutants in the sewage are intercepted and 

adsorbed by the filler, and are decomposed and transformed

by the microorganisms attached to the surface of the filler

during the subsequent drying period.

V. Equipment management

1. This equipment is a non-powered ecological infiltration 

equipment, which does not consume electricity, and there is 

no problem of operating electricity costs for the equipment.

2. During operation management, it is necessary to regularly

 remove the filter net at the water inlet for cleaning to 

prevent sewage overflow caused by filter net blockage.

3. The filler inside the equipment does not need to be replaced,

 and the filler has a long service life and is durable.

VI. Equipment Installation Steps

6.1. Foundation Pit Excavation

Site excavation is carried out according to the terrain and equipment 

specifications. When the equipment is buried, it is necessary to

ensure that the sewage outlet pipe of the farmer can be smoothly 

connected to the water inlet pipe of the equipment. The bottom of

the pit is made of 50-100mm concrete (or 100mm prefabricated board)

as the foundation. Fine sand or stone powder is used to pad 100mm

on the foundation. The level of fine sand or stone powder is 

confirmed with a level meter (the level difference shall not exceed 10mm).

6.2. Equipment Installation

The ecological infiltration equipment is manually moved to the 

foundation pit with the cushion layer, and the level is found 

(the level difference shall not exceed 10mm). After the equipment

is installed, the filling material is started. When filling the

filling material, the central tube is fixed and installed to 

prevent the central tube from tilting when filling the filling 

material. The filling material is filled according to the markings.

The top layer is the first layer, and the bottom layer is the third

layer. Each layer of filling must be flattened, and then the next 

layer of filling can be filled until all three layers of filling

are completed. When filling the filling, be careful not to fill

the filling into the center tube. After the filling is completed,

cover the cover and screw on the cleaning port.

6.3. Equipment backfilling

Use fine soil for symmetrical backfilling, and use light tamping 

tools such as wooden tamping to symmetrically tamp layer by layer.

It is strictly forbidden to use the so-called "water tamping" method

of watering to make the soil sink. Backfill layer by layer until

the ground is level to prevent the urn from collapsing and 

tilting. It is important to pay attention to the fineness of 

the soil close to the urn wall. Silt, garbage, frozen soil, and 

brick slag must not be used to ensure that the force around 

the urn wall is uniform and durable.

VII. Equipment debugging

After the equipment is installed, it can be operated with water. 

The whole set of equipment is operated without power, and no 

professional debugging is required.